grounded

Grounding is a common punishment for children (especially older children) or teenagers. In some cases it is suggested as an alternative to corporal punishment in the home. Typically a young person who is grounded is not allowed to leave their house with the exception of required activities such as education (in school unless if a child gets suspended or expelled), chores such as yard work (such as mowing the lawn, washing the dishes, etc), meals, church, dentist or doctor appointments and other important activities. Occasionally, it is also combined with the withdrawal of certain privileges and objects. The effectiveness of the punishment in obtaining the desired discipline, like all other punishment, depends on the implementation, severity of the misdemeanor, child, guardian, and specific situations. Another form of grounding is giving extra chores/wide ranges of educational work suitable for the child's grade level, and if a child says a swear word and/or lies to his/her parents, hotsaucing or washing out mouth with soap also applies. Children even get sent to their room/bed early or given a warning or a spanking. The goal of this punishment, opposite of physical discipline is that parents teach children or teens to correct their actions (such as throwing pencils at another student, disturbances, throwing dangerous objects, pulling the fire alarm when there is no fire, saying bad language, making inappropriate content on the Internet, making false testimony, false alarm, cheating on exams, lying, disrespect, racism, vandalism, rudeness, discrimination etc.) with consequences such as taking freedom, privileges and objects away. References to invocation of grounding is common in popular culture, and is often demonstrated in television shows (even cartoons).

The Breakfast Club

The Breakfast Club is a 1985 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film written, produced, and directed by John Hughes and starring Emilio Estevez, Molly Ringwald, Paul Gleason, Anthony Michael Hall, Judd Nelson, Ally Sheedy and John Kapelos. The storyline follows five teenagers, each a member of a different high school clique, who spend a Saturday in detention together and come to realize that they are all more than their respective stereotypes, while facing a villainous principal. Critics consider it one of the greatest high school films, as well as one of Hughes' most memorable and recognizable works. The media referred to the film's five main actors as members of a group called the "Brat Pack". The film was digitally remastered and was re-screened throughout 430 theaters in celebration of its 30th anniversary in 2015.

John Emil List

John Emil List (September 17, 1925 – March 21, 2008), sometimes labeled the Bogeyman of Westfield, was a convicted multiple murderer and long-time fugitive. On November 9, 1971 he killed his wife, mother, and three children in their home at 431 Hillside Avenue in Westfield, New Jersey, and then disappeared. He had planned the murders so meticulously that nearly a month passed before anyone noticed that anything was amiss. A fugitive from justice for nearly 18 years who assumed a new identity and remarried, List was finally apprehended on June 1, 1989 after the story of his murders was broadcast on the television program America's Most Wanted. List was found guilty of first degree murder and sentenced in 1990 to five consecutive terms of life imprisonment at New Jersey State Prison, where he died in 2008. Born in Bay City, Michigan, List was the only child of German American parents, John Frederick List (1859–1944) and Alma Maria Barbara Florence List (1887–1971). He was a devout Lutheran and a Sunday school teacher. In 1943 he enlisted in the Army and served in the infantry as a laboratory technician during World War II. After his discharge in 1946 he enrolled at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, where he earned a bachelor's degree in business administration and a master's degree in accounting, and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the ROTC. In November 1950, as the Korean War escalated, List was recalled to active military service. At Fort Eustis, in Virginia, he met Helen Morris Taylor, the widow of an infantry officer killed in action in Korea, who lived nearby with her daughter, Brenda. John and Helen married in December 1951 in Baltimore, and the family moved to northern California where List served as an Army accountant. After completion of his second tour in 1952, List worked for an accounting firm in Detroit, and then as an audit supervisor at a paper company in Kalamazoo, where their three children were born. By 1959 List had risen to general supervisor of the company's accounting department; but Helen, an alcoholic, had become increasingly unstable. In 1960 Brenda married and left the household, and List moved with the remainder of his family to Rochester, New York, to take a job with Xerox, where he eventually became director of accounting services. In 1965 he accepted a position as vice president and controller at a bank in Jersey City, New Jersey, and moved his wife, children, and mother into a large home in Westfield.

supersize vs superskinny

Supersize vs Superskinny is a British television programme on Channel 4 that features information about dieting and extreme eating lifestyles. One of the main show features is a weekly comparison between an overweight person, and an underweight person. The two are brought to a feeding clinic, and live together for five days (later on two days), swapping diets all supervised by Dr Christian Jessen. The overweight person swaps diets with the underweight person. While the underweight person is suddenly given more food than they would usually eat in a few days at one meal, the overweight person is usually given tea, coffee, a small snack, or nothing sometimes. Most of the underweight people are unable to finish their meal. In earlier series, the show featured a food tube for each person. The tube contained what each person ate and drank in the span of one week. In later series, the "supersizer" was sent to the United States to visit someone that was heavier than they were. It was used as a shock tactic to show the "supersizer" what they could become if they did not stop their unhealthy lifestyles. The show also featured Anna Richardson in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd series, who examined new methods to lose weight by trying diets she found on the Internet, some of which have shocking side effects. For example, Anna attempted Laser lipolysis, which went drastically wrong and resulted in severe bruising. Also, she discovered Diabulimia and spoke to Isabelle Caro, a French actress, renowned for her underweight figure and anorexia campaign. During the first series in 2008, one feature involved Gillian McKeith, who tried to find a way to "ban big bums" in the UK. She tested out different exercises to tone the buttocks of different groups of ladies, and made a leader board for the most effective.

baptism

Baptism (from the Greek noun βάπτισμα baptisma) is a Christian sacrament of admission and adoption, almost invariably with the use of water, into the Christian Church generally and also a particular church. The canonical Gospels report that Jesus was baptized—a historical event to which a high degree of certainty can be assigned. Baptism has been called a sacrament and an ordinance of Jesus Christ. In some denominations, baptism is also called christening, but for others the word "christening" is reserved for the baptism of infants.

murder of Helle Crafts

Helle Crafts (born Helle Lorck Nielsen, July 4, 1947 – November 19, 1986) was a Danish flight attendant who was murdered by her husband, Richard Crafts, an airline pilot and special constable. Her murder is sometimes called the "Woodchipper Murder" because of the method by which Richard Crafts disposed of her body. Her death brought about the first murder conviction in the state of Connecticut in which a body was never found. Helle Crafts had known about her husband Richard's affairs with other women and had begun divorce proceedings against him. On the night of November 19, 1986, a friend of Helle's dropped her off at home in Newtown, Connecticut. This was the last time anyone but her husband saw her. During the next few weeks, friends of Helle tried to contact her, but were told different stories by her husband. Richard told some that Helle had gone to visit her mother in Denmark. He told others that she had left, and he did not know where she was. Richard also stated that she was in the Canary Islands with a friend. Friends grew suspicious and concerned about Helle's safety because they already knew about Richard's aggression and fiery temper. Helle once said, "If something happens to me, don't think it was an accident." By December 25, the police had obtained a search warrant for the Crafts' premises. They uncovered a few clues: several pieces of carpet from Richard and Helle's bedroom were removed from the floor. The family's nanny also came forward and told police of a dark, grapefruit-sized stain she had seen on the carpet of the bedroom, but that patch of carpet had apparently been removed. A blood smear was also uncovered on the side of the Crafts' bed. Police found among Richard's credit card records evidence that he had made several unusual purchases around the time his wife had vanished, including a new freezer that was not found in the house, new bed sheets, a comforter, and $900 for the rental of a woodchipper. Later, a private investigator, who had been hired by Helle Crafts, found in papers provided to him by Helle a receipt for a chainsaw. The chainsaw was later found in Lake Zoar in Newtown, Connecticut, and forensics experts would determine that it was covered in hair and blood that was matched by DNA to Helle. A snowplow driver who knew Richard eventually came forward and said he had seen Richard using a woodchipper late at night near the shore of Lake Zoar, during a severe snowstorm. This was late on the night of November 19, the night Helle was last seen. With this new information, police focused their search around that area for many days, and even scanned the icy cold lake for clues. They found many pieces of metal, less than 3 ounces (85 g) of human remains, including a tooth with unique dental work, a toenail covered in pink nail polish, bone chips, 2,660 bleached, blonde human hairs, fingernails and O type blood, the same type as Helle Crafts'. Analysis led the police to conclude the remains had gone through a woodchipper. The forensic investigation was led by renowned forensic scientist Dr. Henry Lee. Prosecutors believe that Richard first struck Helle in the head with something blunt (like a police flashlight) at least twice, which would explain the blood stains found, then carried her body to the freezer where he left it for some time. Police further postulated that Richard had taken Helle's body out of the freezer on the night he was seen at the river by the snowplow driver, chopped it into several large portions with the chainsaw, and then put them through the woodchipper. The police believed the dismembered pieces of Helle's body were then scattered into the river and the area around it. However, Crafts could not be tried for causing his wife's death until state agencies officially recorded her as deceased, and the absence of an identifiable body posed obstacles to that conclusion. After a forensic dentist confirmed that the found tooth was a match to Helle's dental records, the Connecticut State Medical Examiner's Office accepted this as admissible evidence and issued a death certificate for her and Richard Crafts was arrested for Helle's murder in January 1987. Due to extensive publicity, Crafts' trial was moved to New London, Connecticut. The trial then began in May 1988, in which forensic evidence was key. However on July 15, 1988, a mistrial was declared after the jury became deadlocked 11 to 1 in favor of conviction when one juror walked out of deliberations after refusing to vote to convict. Crafts was retried but the trial was moved to Norwalk, Connecticut, again due to the massive publicity surrounding the case and subsequent mistrial in New London. He was found guilty of First Degree Murder, on November 21, 1989, three years and two days after Helle was last seen alive. In January 1990, Richard Crafts was sentenced to serve 50 years in state prison.[2][3] As of 2009 he was incarcerated in the MacDougall-Walker Correctional Institution in Suffield. He will be eligible for parole in 2021.

signing in public

i LOVE ASL and listening to music. occasionally i'll do it together.

Pumpkin Spice Latte

The Starbucks Pumpkin Spice Latte is a coffee drink made with a mix of traditional fall spice flavors (cinnamon, nutmeg, and clove), steamed milk, and espresso and is topped with whipped cream and pumpkin pie spice. The drink is offered by Starbucks on a seasonal basis, usually being introduced on the first of September—though in 2014 the drink was introduced earlier on August 25—and usually, depending on the store, will end sometime around the end of December. Starbucks started developing the Pumpkin Spice Latte in January 2003 after the company noticed the success of other winter seasonal drinks such as the Peppermint Mocha and Eggnog Latte and wanted to expand their seasonal reach into the fall. According to Peter Dukes, Starbucks' director of espresso Americas, developers went through a large brainstorming process in which they came up with ten products to test with consumers. The overall response from the ten experimental beverages came back with the Pumpkin Spice Latte somewhere in the middle of the spectrum behind ideas including chocolate and caramel flavors. However, as Peter Dukes notes, "developers realized there was something special around the pumpkin flavor, especially since there wasn't anything around pumpkin at the time". The company started experimenting with many different combinations and ratios of pumpkin to spice, ultimately deciding on a recipe with more spice in it. In fall of 2003, the final recipe was tested in Vancouver and Washington, D.C.. Sales of the drink exceeded all expectations—"we couldn't keep up initially" explained Dukes, "we had to expedite inventory to the stores [at the time 7,225—now nearly 19,000]." This immediate success called for a national debut of the flavor, which entered all American Starbucks stores the following year. Now, the company and consumers recognize the Pumpkin Spice Latte as Starbucks' most popular seasonal beverage with more than 200 million sold since it was introduced in 2003. Many people have voiced concerns regarding the ingredients used to make the Starbucks Pumpkin Spice Latte. Perhaps most vocal about their concerns is a blogger by the name of Vani Hari, or "Food Babe" whose article "You'll Never Guess What's in a Starbucks Pumpkin Spice Latte (Hint: You Won't Be Happy)" got more than 13 million Facebook and Twitter shares in a matter of days. The most predominate concerns mentioned in the article include the use of Caramel Color Class IV, scientifically known as 4-MEI, which Hari claims is a cancer-causing agent. The FDA said, however, that the ingredients are nothing to worry about, though continues to look into it. Others have raised concerns over the fact that the drink does not contain any actual pumpkin, a point which Kantha Shelke, a food scientist with a background in organic chemistry and spokesperson for the Institute of Food Technologists, would say is for the best. "It's supposed to taste like the spicy components of homemade pumpkin pie, not actual pumpkin" explains Shelke. Kantha Shelke does, however, draw attention to one other heath concern surrounding the Starbucks Pumpkin Spice Latte—the sugar content. "One pump of pumpkin sauce contains 8 grams of sugar, Starbucks says—in the form of both sugar and high fructose corn syrup—so a grande Pumpkin Spice Latte, with three pumps of syrup, had 24 grams of sugar just from spice flavoring, and 49 grams total."

Frappe Coffee

Frappé coffee (also Greek frappé or café frappé; Greek: φραπές, frapés) is a Greek foam-covered iced coffee drink made from instant coffee (generally, spray-dried). Accidentally invented by a Nescafe representative in 1957 in the city of Thessaloniki, it is now the most popular coffee among Greek youth and foreign tourists. It is very popular in Greece and Cyprus, especially during the summer, but has now spread to other countries. The word frappé is French and comes from the verb frapper which means to 'hit'; in this context, however, in French, when describing a drink, the word frappé means chilled, as with ice cubes in a shaker. The frappé has become a hallmark of the post-war outdoor Greek coffee culture.

Cinderella Complex

The Cinderella complex was first described by Colette Dowling, who wrote a book on women's fear of independence – an unconscious desire to be taken care of by others. The complex is said to become more apparent as a person grows older. The complex is named after the fairy tale character Cinderella. It is based on the idea of femininity portrayed in that story, where a woman is beautiful, graceful, polite, supportive, hardworking, independent, and maligned by the females of her society, but she is not capable of changing her situations with her own actions and must be helped by an outside force, usually a male (i.e. the Prince). Feminist women can be taken aback to find that, after taking steps to extend their own autonomous presence in the world, they may still find themselves hankering for rescue/support from some external force – still tempted into dependency. This phenomenon or syndrome becomes particularly significant with regard to the question of why women may choose to stay in dysfunctional relationships. Others point to Ronald Fairbairn's concept of mature dependency, to challenge cultural disparagement of dependency in favor of an ideal of isolated independence. Carol Gilligan's championship of a web of connections as a feminist goal, rather than the solitary male hero, is also invoked to defend the Cinderella complex's tendency to define the self in terms of a mate/settled relationship.

Cinderella effect

In evolutionary psychology, the Cinderella effect is the alleged higher incidence of different forms of child-abuse and mistreatment by stepparents than by biological parents. It takes its name from the fairy tale character Cinderella. Evolutionary psychologists describe the effect as a remnant of an adaptive reproductive strategy among primates in which males frequently kill the offspring of other males in order to bring their mothers into estrus, and give the male a chance to fertilize her himself. There is both supporting evidence for this theory and criticisms against it. Evolutionary psychologists Martin Daly and Margo Wilson propose that the Cinderella effect is a direct consequence of the modern evolutionary theory of inclusive fitness, especially parental investment theory. They argue that human child rearing is so prolonged and costly that "a parental psychology shaped by natural selection is unlikely to be indiscriminate". According to them, "research concerning animal social behaviour provide a rationale for expecting parents to be discriminative in their care and affection, and more specifically, to discriminate in favour of their own young".

Homicide Hunter

Homicide Hunter (also known as Homicide Hunter: Lt. Joe Kenda) is an American documentary television series showcasing the career of retired Colorado Springs police detective Joseph Kenda. It debuted October 25, 2011 on Investigation Discovery and has been renewed for a fifth season expanded to 20 shows. In each episode, Kenda recounts a murder investigation on which he worked, going from the 911 call to the final resolution of the case. Through re-enactments, discussions with investigation teams, and interviews with victims' families and other involved persons, the show highlights Kenda's successes with his 400 homicide case history and 92 percent solution rate. Kenda and an unseen voiceover professional handle the narration. Actor Carl Marino portrays Kenda in the re-enactments.

on the case with Paula Zahn

On the Case with Paula Zahn is a documentary and news program broadcast on Investigation Discovery since October 18, 2009. The program explores in-depth stories of crime mysteries and interviews with involved individuals, closest to the cases and includes expert analysis. Emmy Award winning journalist and former CNN anchor Paula Zahn is the program host who travels throughout the country interviewing people directly affected by the tragic cases. On the Case with Paula Zahn is the first series on Investigation Discovery to reach 100 episodes.

Charlotte DiLaurentis

Charlotte DiLaurentis (born Charles DiLaurentis) is a transgender fictional character in the ABC Family Pretty Little Liars television series adaption. She is portrayed by Vanessa Ray. Charlotte is introduced in the season three episode "Crazy" as CeCe Drake. In the season four episode "Bring Down the Hoe", she seems to be revealed to be a member of the "A-Team", and in the following episode she's revealed to be a Red Coat, although later confirmed she wasn't really Red Coat but only a decoy. She is also helping Ezra Fitz in writing his book. Charlotte was finally identified as being "A" and revealed to be Charles DiLaurentis in season 6, episode 10 "Game Over, Charles". She began appearing in the Pretty Little Liars spin-off web series Pretty Dirty Secrets in the episodes "A Reunion" and "CAll Security". CeCe makes her first appearance in the season three episode "Crazy", The girls mistake CeCe as Alison due to CeCe being like Alison. CeCe Drake reveals that she spent what was described as an "intense" summer with Alison DiLaurentis in Cape May, New Jersey before Alison's disappearance. CeCe Drake also revealed that she previously dated Jason DiLaurentis. It was revealed that CeCe broke up with Jason the day after Alison went missing. Jason blames CeCe for the way Ali acts. In the episode "The Kahn Game", CeCe reveals to Spencer and Aria that she was a student at UPenn and invites them to a party, promising Spencer that someone from UPenn admissions will be attending. Later, CeCe challenged Eric Khan to a game of "Truth or Dare". CeCe appears in the episode "Single Fright Female", in which CeCe revealed to Spencer that CeCe and Paige had a feud between the two over Emily Fields in which CeCe referred to Paige as "Pig Skin". CeCe and Alison appear in an flashback with Paige in which CeCe also revealed that she believed Alison was afraid of Paige. Later, Spencer helps her out. CeCe saves Spencer from a snake attack in the dressing rooms. In the episode "Out of the Frying Pan, Into the Inferno", CeCe remembers the photo of Ali and Cece bonding with lobsters in Cape May, NJ that Emily shows her, but she says she never knew who "beach hottie" was exactly. CeCe stated "Honestly, there were so many hotties down there that summer,". Ali comes to see her at Annie's Crab Shack and tells her she's late ... like two weeks late. She was using protecting, "just not all the time." In the episode "Hot Water", Hanna sees Wilden put CeCe in his car, CeCe leaves Rosewood because she is afraid of Darren Wilden because he believes CeCe told people about Wilden getting Alison pregnant. In the episode "I'm Your Puppet", it was revealed that CeCe had a visitor pass to Radley and she was visiting Mona while she was there. CeCe wanted see Mona because she was desperate to see her during when Mona wasn't allowed visitors. It was revealed that CeCe was thrown out of college. Mona would later admit to seeing CeCe while in Radley, though not recalling what they spoke about due to being on medication, in the episode "'A' is for A-l-i-v-e". CeCe does not make an appearance in the episode "Crash and Burn, Girl!", however when Toby and Caleb go to investigate Red Coat's flight plan, they question Nigel Wright a second time, he reluctantly reveals that he was paid to set up an anonymous private flight for CeCe to The Lodge at Thornhill on the night of the fire in "A DAngerous GAme." Shana reveals to Spencer that Jenna Marshall is afraid of CeCe Drake in the episode "Into the Deep". It was revealed in "The Mirror Has Three Faces" that Alison was the reason CeCe was thrown out of college after the stunt Ali pulled at the frat party leading CeCe to believe that the girls are "four she-devils" that had something to do with what happened. Ali's mom described their relationship as "toxic" as they 'wore' each other's personalities. CeCe makes her first appearance in season four in the episode "Bring Down the Hoe", CeCe is seen in an apartment filled with pictures of Alison DiLaurentis and the liars, dating all the way back from Halloween 2008. CeCe, in an black hoodie, is show spying on Aria Montgomery and Ezra Fitz. In the episode "Now You See Me, Now You Don't", the Liars are convinced that CeCe did indeed murder Darren Wilden as sketch of a blonde woman resembling CeCe is shown on the news. During a brief struggle in which her Alison mask is kicked off by Aria, CeCe is revealed to be one of the Red Coats, though this is later proven otherwise. During the struggle, CeCe attempts to escape by grabbing onto a rope, only for it to snap. Aria tries to pull CeCe up as she pleads for Aria to help her, however she proves too heavy for Aria as her sleeve rips and she falls to the ground. While the Liars are contemplating calling the police CeCe’s hand is seen twitching, and when the Liars turn around CeCe has seemingly disappeared. In the episode "Love ShAck, Baby" according to Travis, CeCe was lasted spotted in Maryland on the run from the authorities. It was revealed that she made huge money deposits before Wilden died. In the episode "She's Come Undone", it was revealed that CeCe witnessed a fight between Spencer Hastings and Alison DiLaurentis the night of Ali's disappearance. Also, Jessica DiLaurentis paid CeCe to be quiet about it. In the season four finale "A is for Answers", CeCe is detained by Detective Holbrook (Sean Faris) and questioned about Wilden’s murder. She confesses that she knows who killed Bethany Young (the girl buried in Alison's grave) and that Alison is still alive. In "EscApe From New York," CeCe is taken away by Officer Barry Maple to be sent to jail, however, at some point she knocks him unconscious and steals his cop car and heads off to New York where Ali and the Liars are. CeCe finds Ali and asks for her help. Ali gives her a plane ticket to France and CeCe leaves the country as Vivian Darkbloom. When Emily catches Alison, Ali tells her that CeCe was being paid by Ezra for information and that she asked her to dress up as Red Coat only to distract "A". Ali also reveals that CeCe did indeed kill Wilden. In "How the 'A' Stole Christmas," CeCe returns to Rosewood to comfort Ali on her first Christmas with Jessica dead. In order to remain unseen, she wears a white cloak. She gives Ali a bottle of specially made perfume and tells her that her ex-friends are there and not to say Merry Christmas, meaning she does not trust them. Alison and CeCe escape the ball unseen after Ali gives their clothes and wigs to Cindy and Mindy to trick the Liars with. In the season six summer finale "Game Over, Charles", CeCe is revealed to be the mysterious villain 'A', as well as Charles DiLaurentis, Alison's brother and Jason's half-brother. At the end of the previous episode, CeCe (then unknown) kidnaps Ali and takes her to the Radley Sanitarium, where she is revealed to the Liars as 'A'/Charles, as well as her motives, through a live feed in a vault at the Carissimi Group. CeCe was born as a boy named Charles DiLaurentis to Jessica and Kenneth DiLaurentis. At an early age, Charles was feminine, asking her mother to buy her dresses and she also had an obsession with dolls, thinking of her little sister Ali as her own living doll. When Charles was seven, she attempted to give her then-baby sister Ali a bath, however she accidentally dropped her in the hot water causing her to nearly drown. Kenneth caught the incident and rescued Ali. Despite the fact that Charles did not intend to drown Ali, Kenneth despised Charles for being feminine, and used the incident as an excuse to send Charles to the Radley Sanitarium. While Charles was at Radley, Jessica frequently visited her as well as her Aunt Carol a few times, and when Charles was 12 Jessica bought her a dress for Christmas. From then on, whenever Jessica bought Ali clothes, she would buy Charles the same outfit. During her stay she also befriended fellow patient Bethany Young. In a flashback, we see Bethany and Charles on the roof, daydreaming about escape plans. Charles was wearing a dress and a scarf during that conversation, so she hides when she sees Toby's mother Marion Cavanaugh come out, calling her a goody-two-shoes and believing she'd freak out if she saw her dressed in girl's clothes. While Charles hid, Bethany pushed off Marion off of the roof, killing her, however, when Charles came out, Bethany blamed Charles, and she was never the same after that. Jessica paid Detective Darren Wilden to cover up the murder and declare Marion's death a suicide. Charles was put on medication for a few years, and was then let out to attend her own funeral. He and his mother buried "Charles", and Charles took that as a sign of her mother finally accepting her identity, however Jessica took her back to Radley-- only this time, she assumed the name of "Charlotte". Charlotte was very intelligent, solving complex math problems as a way to pass her time and escape reality. As the years passed, Jessica got the board to let her attend classes at UPenn. One day, Charlotte called in a bomb threat, and went to Rosewood under the identity of CeCe Drake, where she met Jason and dated him. Jessica didn't know that Jason was dating his own sister until one day CeCe shows up at his porch to meet Jason's father before they left for summer vacation. Since there was no away around it, Jessica allowed CeCe to come on vacation to Cape May with them. On the infamous night of Labor Day Weekend, Bethany snuck out of Radley using Charlotte's "out" privileges and went to the DiLaurentis property to hurt Jessica as Bethany discovered Jessica having an affair with her father. CeCe also snuck out, with the intention of killing Bethany to stop her from hurting Jessica. When she saw a blonde looking into the window of the DiLaurentis home, CeCe assumed it was Bethany and hit her on the back of her head with a rock. However, it turns out that CeCe actually hit Alison. Jessica saw the incident happening. When CeCe found out who she actually hit, she was distraught, crying as she looked on while Jessica buried her own daughter (alive, although at that time they believed Ali were dead). At the same time, in present-day Spencer discovers that Rhys Matthews was just a decoy that CeCe hired, who legitimately believed he worked at the Carissimi Group. When CeCe was sent back to Radley, she met Mona. Mona was so drugged up that she believed CeCe was Alison and told her everything about the 'A' game, and gave her information about the Liars. CeCe offered Mona a deal; if Mona helped her escape Radley, then she would let Mona continue the game (with her). Next thing we know, CeCe was meeting the Liars at The Brew, and grew a hatred for them believing that they were happy Ali disappeared. In Rosewood, CeCe started to see a blonde wearing a red coat, and she believed that it was Ali, alive indeed. To confirm her suspicions, she trapped the Liars in the Thornhill Lodge and set fire to it, believing that if Ali knew the girls were alive, then she would reveal herself to rescue them. CeCe also hired Sara Harvey to take on the identity of another Red Coat, as a decoy to distract Mona. Ali did save the girls from the fire, confirming CeCe's suspicions. However, all of CeCe's plans were interrupted when Shana showed up. It was the perfect time to end the game and leave Rosewood when the Liars believed Shana was 'A', and Aria killed her. Before CeCe was going to leave, she was going to say goodbye to her mother, however she ended up finding her dead body. CeCe decided to wear a disguise and leave for another country to begin a new life. She ended up staying however, as the game became a drug to her and she was addicted to the feeling of having power. This is where CeCe's recounting of her past ends and the story comes back to the present. Sara, as Red Coat, had begun preparing to detonate a bomb inside Radley, ending the game by killing CeCe as well as Alison. Just as CeCe was about to press her button to set the bomb off, Spencer managed to stop it from exploding. CeCe ran to the roof, where she was surrounded by police cars down below, and was about to jump off and kill herself, however, Ali and the Liars plead with her not to, and she ends up jumping back down on the roof. CeCe puts her hands up and declares, "Game Over", finishing the 'A' game once and for all.

Marybeth Tinning

Marybeth Roe Tinning (born September 11, 1942) is an American prisoner serving a sentence of 20 years to life after being convicted of the murder of one of her children. Laboratory testing indicated that the death of Tinning's ninth child resulted from smothering. At that time, the deaths of her other children were investigated, but prosecutors only charged Tinning in one child's death. She was convicted of second-degree murder. An appeal to the New York Supreme Court argued that Tinning's confession to the crime was coerced and that there was insufficient evidence to convict her, but her appeal was denied. Early life and marriage: Marybeth Roe was born in Duanesburg, a small town in Schenectady County, New York. Her father, Alton Roe, worked as a press operator in nearby General Electric, the area's largest employer. Marybeth once claimed that when she was a child, her father abused her. During a police interview in 1986, she told one investigator that her father had beaten her and locked her in a closet. During court testimony, she denied that her father had bad intentions. "My father hit me with a flyswatter," she told the court, "because he had arthritis and his hands were not of much use. And when he locked me in my room I guess he thought I deserved it." Roe worked in a series of low-paying, unskilled jobs. She eventually became a nurse's aide at Ellis Hospital in Schenectady. In 1963, she met Joe Tinning on a blind date with some friends. The couple got married in 1965. The Tinnings' first child, Barbara, was born in May 1967. In January 1970, Joseph, the Tinnings' second child, was born. In October 1971, Tinning's father died of a sudden heart attack. Children's deaths: In December 1971, Jennifer, the Tinnings' third child, was born. Jennifer died, only 8 days old, from hemorrhagic meningitis and multiple brain abscesses from birth. Seventeen days after Jennifer's death, on January 20, 1972, Tinning took her two-year-old son, Joseph Jr., to the Ellis Hospital emergency room in Schenectady. His death was attributed to cardiopulmonary arrest. Several weeks later, Marybeth rushed Barbara to the hospital because she had gone into convulsions. The next day, Barbara died, after being in a comatose state for several hours. Barbara's death was attributed to Reye syndrome. Tinning was twenty-nine years old at this time. On Thanksgiving Day 1973, Tinning gave birth to a son, Timothy. On December 10, Timothy was brought back to the same hospital. He was dead. Tinning told doctors she found him lifeless in his crib. Doctors attributed his death to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). In March 1975, Tinning's fifth child was born. Later, that Fall, Nathan died in the car while out with Tinning. In August 1978, the Tinnings adopted Michael, shortly after he was born. On October 29, she gave birth to her sixth child, Mary Frances. In January 1979, Tinning rushed Mary Frances to the emergency room, directly across the street from her apartment, saying the baby had had a seizure. The staff was able to revive her, reporting "aborted SIDS." A month later, Tinning returned to the hospital with Mary Frances in full cardiac arrest; she was revived, but had irreversible brain damage. Two days later, Mary Frances died after being taken off life support. In the fall, Jonathan, the Tinnings' eighth child, was born. In March 1980, Jonathan died, after being kept on life support in Albany, NY for four weeks. In March 1981, Tinning took Michael to the doctor’s office because he would not wake up. Michael died. In February, he had been taken to the hospital for falling down stairs. In August 1985, Tami Lynne was born. On December 20, she died from being smothered. That day, the Tinning family was visited by Betsy Mannix of Schenectady County’s Department of Social Services and Bob Imfeld of the Schenectady Police Department, regarding the death of Tami Lynne. Arrest and conviction: Marybeth and Joe Tinning were separately taken to the Schenectady Police Department for questioning regarding the death of Tami Lynne. During the police interrogation, Marybeth signed a document confessing to the murders of Tami Lynne, Timothy, and Nathan. Marybeth was arrested and charged with the murder of Tami Lynne. Police officials initially suspected that Tami Lynne died of SIDS, but laboratory analysis determined that her death resulted from smothering. After charging Marybeth with Tami Lynne's death, officials said that they considered the deaths of the eight other Tinning children to be suspicious. Investigators later said that Jennifer's death was not suspect because it occurred before the baby left the hospital. Marybeth Tinning made her $100,000 bail payment and was released from custody until her trial date. After a six-week trial, the jury found Marybeth guilty of murder in the second degree, depraved indifference to human life. After her trial, she received a sentence of 20 years to life in prison at Bedford Hills Correctional Facility for Women. After her conviction, she appealed on the grounds that her confession was not voluntarily given and that her conviction was not supported by sufficient evidence. In 1988, her appeal was denied by the NY State Supreme Court’s Appellate Division. Parole attempts: Tinning's first attempt for parole was in March 2007. At the parole board meeting, Tinning said, "I have to be honest, and the only thing that I can tell you is that I know that my daughter is dead. I live with it every day. I have no recollection and I can't believe that I harmed her. I can't say any more than that." Her parole was denied. In late January 2009, Tinning went before the parole board for the second time. Tinning stated "I was going through bad times," when she killed her daughter. The parole board again denied her parole, stating that her remorse was "superficial at best." Tinning was eligible for parole again in January 2011. In 2011 and 2013 Tinning was again denied parole. At the 2011 appearance, Tinning said that she killed Tami Lynne because she thought the child would die like her other children anyway. In 2011, Tinning was supported by people from Georgetown University Law Center and people she worked with in prison, describing her as the "most loving, most generous, caring person that they have ever met." When questioned about the murder during her 2013 appearance, she said, "It’s just — I can’t remember. I mean, I know I did it, but I can’t tell you why. There is no reason." Her latest opportunity for parole was in January 2015. The parole board again denied Tinning release, finding that she continues to demonstrate no insight into her crime

make life better in 3 words

#MakeLifeBetterIn3Words is trending. Well, it has to be: ARTS and CULTURE. Don't you agree? #culturematters; #MakeLifeBetterIn3Words Dianna Elise Agron; Gays. HAMPTONS. JEFFREY. #MakeLifeBetterIn3Words; #MakeLifeBetterIn3Words cuddle a cat; Stop; breathe deep. #MakeLifeBetterIn3Words; Always love yourself. #MakeLifeBetterIn3Words; Laugh it off !! #MakeLifeBetterIn3Words; Health, happiness, kindness #MakeLifeBetterIn3Words; #MakeLifeBetterIn3Words #Jesus Loves You!; #MakeLifeBetterIn3Words Go eat Chocolate! :)

dry skin

I hate my dry skin its very very annoying especially considering I have to clean it so much

boots

I like boots. I have 3 pairs. two of them are ugg boots and one of them is a pair of riding boots. I love the riding boots a lot more than you do the UGG boots but I use the UGG boots more often. I got a pair of UGG boots for my birthday. they are Kurt camel colored boots and the other one is a pair of black ones. sovereign the riding boots are over the knee Tyra sell leather boots with a heel. it's very nice to have a pair of boots on the freezing outside are you going for a horseback ride is very, very nice. the boots are really really nice they're not like sneakers but I have them I love them so very much especially the riding boots are very nice and the weather and there they have a nice heels a while he has short hair and have funny and very very warm on winter days. my mom sees me wearing them because of my foot issue but I love them. I'm into the lighting booth now because of the height they add. I like the UGG boots because they're warm and a very very stylish. boots are very nice I wish I had a pair of cowboy ones

forensic science books

i love reading and i'm WAY into forensic science. so good combo

jewish holocaust victims

The LDS Church performs vicarious baptisms for individuals regardless of their race, sex, creed, religion, or morality. Some members of the LDS Church have been baptized for both victims and perpetrators of the Holocaust, including Anne Frank and Adolf Hitler, contrary to church policy. Some Jewish Holocaust survivors and some Jewish organizations have objected to this practice. Since the early 1990s, the LDS Church has urged members to submit the names of only their own ancestors for ordinances, and to request permission of surviving family members of people who have died within the past 95 years. Hundreds of thousands of improperly submitted names not adhering to this policy have been removed from the records of the church. Church apostle Boyd K. Packer has stated the church has been open about its practice of using public records to further temple ordinance work. Despite the guidelines, some members of the church have submitted names without adequate permission. In December 2002, independent researcher Helen Radkey published a report showing that, following a 1995 promise from the church to remove Jewish Holocaust victims from its International Genealogical Index, the church's database included the names of about 19,000 who had a 40 to 50 percent chance "to be Holocaust victims ... in Russia, Poland, France, and Austria." Genealogist Bernard Kouchel searched the International Genealogical Index, and discovered that many well known Jews had been vicariously baptized, including Maimonides, Albert Einstein, and Irving Berlin, without family permission. Church official D. Todd Christofferson told the New York Times that the church expends massive amounts of resources attempting to purge improperly submitted names, but that it is not feasible to expect the church to find each and every last one, and that the agreement in 1995 did not place this type of responsibility on the centralized church leadership. Jewish groups, including the Simon Wiesenthal Center, spoke out against the vicarious baptism of Holocaust perpetrators and victims in the mid-1990s and again in the 2000s when they discovered the practice, which they consider insensitive to the living and the dead, was continuing. The associate dean of the Simon Wiesenthal Center, Abraham Cooper, complained that infamous figures such as Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun appeared on LDS genealogical records: "Whether official or not, the fact remains that this is exactly the kind of activity that enraged and hurt, really, so many victims of the Holocaust and caused alarm in the Jewish community." In 2008, the American Gathering of Jewish Holocaust Survivors announced that, since church members had repeatedly violated previous agreements, it would no longer negotiate with the church to try to prevent vicarious baptism. Speaking on the anniversary of Kristallnacht, Ernest Michel, a Holocaust survivor who reported on the Nuremberg Trials, speaking as the honorary chairman of the American Gathering of Holocaust Survivors, called on the LDS Church to "implement a mechanism to undo what [they] have done", and declared that the LDS Church had repeatedly violated their agreements, and that talks with Mormon leaders were now ended. Jewish groups, he said, would now turn to the court of public opinion for justice. Michel called the practice a revision of history that plays into the hands of Holocaust deniers, stating: "They tell me, that my parents' Jewishness has not been altered but ... 100 years from now, how will they be able to guarantee that my mother and father of blessed memory who lived as Jews and were slaughtered by Hitler for no other reason than they were Jews, will someday not be identified as Mormon victims of the Holocaust?" Church officials, in response, stated that the church does not teach that vicarious baptisms coerce deceased persons to become Mormons, nor does the church add those names to its list of church members. Church officials have also stated that, in accordance with the 1995 agreement, it has removed more than 300,000 names of Jewish Holocaust victims from its databases, as well as subsequently removing names later identified by Jewish groups. Church officials stated in 2008 that a new version of the FamilySearch application had been developed and was being implemented in an effort to prevent the submission of Holocaust victim names for temple ordinances. In February 2012, the issue re-emerged after it was found that the parents of Holocaust survivor and Jewish rights advocate Simon Wiesenthal were added to the genealogical database. Shortly afterward, news stories announced that Anne Frank had been baptized by proxy for the ninth time, at the Santo Domingo Dominican Republic Temple.

Andrew Scott (actor)

Andrew Scott (born October 21, 1976) is an Irish film, television, and stage actor. He received the 2005 Laurence Olivier Award for Outstanding Achievement in an Affiliate Theatre for the Jerwood Theatre Upstairs production of A Girl in a Car with a Man, and an IFTA award for the film Dead Bodies. Scott's notable television roles have included Paul McCartney in the BBC television drama Lennon Naked and arch-villain Jim Moriarty in Sherlock, for which he was awarded the 2012 British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actor, along with the 2013 award for Best Supporting Actor in the television category at the Irish Film and Television Awards. He also won the awards for Best Supporting Actor and Best Actor consecutively in the 2012 and 2013 BBC Audio Drama Awards for his roles in Nick Perry's Referee and Harold Pinter's Betrayal, respectively. Alongside this, Scott was nominated as Best Lead Actor for his role in The Stag at the 2014 Irish Film and Television Awards. Scott was ranked at number 22 in The Independent's Rainbow List 2014: 101 lesbian, bisexual, gay and transgender people who 'make a real difference'

adding commentary

when I'm at a Darnestown civics association its appreciated. when I had to add commentary to someone reading a story it ISN'T appreciated. mostly because its the person who is reading a story and they aught to know the story

Henna Tattoo

Body art: Whole, unbroken henna leaves will not stain the skin. Henna will not stain skin until the lawsone molecules are made available (released) from the henna leaf. Dried henna leaves will stain the skin if they are mashed into a paste. The lawsone will gradually migrate from the henna paste into the outer layer of the skin and bind to the proteins in it, creating a fast stain. Since it is difficult to form intricate patterns from coarse crushed leaves, henna is commonly traded as a powder made by drying, milling and sifting the leaves. The dry powder is mixed with one of a number of liquids, including water, lemon juice, or strong tea, and other ingredients, depending on the tradition. Many artists use sugar or molasses in the paste to improve consistency and keep it stuck to the skin better. The henna mix must rest for 1 to 48 hours before use, to release the lawsone from the leaf matter. The timing depends on the crop of henna being used. Essential oils with high levels of monoterpene alcohols, such as tea tree, cajeput, or lavender, will improve skin stain characteristics. Other essential oils, such as eucalyptus and clove, are also useful but are too irritating and should not be used on skin. The paste can be applied with many traditional and innovative tools, starting with a basic stick or twig. In Morocco, a syringe is common. In India, a plastic cone similar to those used to pipe icing onto cakes. In the Western world, a cone is common, as is a Jacquard bottle, which is otherwise used to paint silk fabric. A light stain may be achieved within minutes, but the longer the paste is left on the skin, the darker and longer lasting the stain will be, so it needs to be left on as long as possible. To prevent it from drying or falling off the skin, the paste is often sealed down by dabbing a sugar/lemon mix over the dried paste, or simply adding some form of sugar to the paste. After time the dry paste is simply brushed or scraped away. Henna stains are orange when the paste is first removed, but darkens over the following three days to a deep reddish brown. Soles and palms have the thickest layer of skin and so take up the most lawsone, and take it to the greatest depth, so that hands and feet will have the darkest and most long-lasting stains. Some also believe that steaming or warming the henna pattern will darken the stain, either during the time the paste is still on the skin, or after the paste has been removed. It is debatable whether this adds to the color of the end result as well. Chlorinated water and soaps may spoil the darkening process; alkaline products may hasten the darkening process. After the stain reaches its peak color, it holds for a few days, then gradually wears off by way of exfoliation.

Vanessa Ray

Since 2012, Ray has appeared as CeCe Drake, a "beyond-charismatic twenty-something blonde stylist at a boutique that has one heel in the present, one in the past.”, in the TV series Pretty Little Liars. Ray was announced to start filming again for PLL, Ray spoke about returning saying "It's so fun to do, and what a crazy character I get to play. She's sort of a sociopath. I think she's so weird because she's, like, 22 but hangs out with high-schoolers. It's like, 'Hey, girl! Get a life!'” In the Season 6 summer finale it was revealed that CeCe was actually born as Charles DiLaurentis, but changed her gender while being kept in a mental institute, changing her name to Charlotte DiLaurentis, stylized as CeCe Drake. In the same episode it became clear that CeCe was A, the main stalker who threatened the main characters of the show for a total of 3 seasons.

blogger black mail

Although the demands were ridiculous and the shaming unnecessary, both parties should have made their expectations clear #bloggerblackmail; Thank you to all the new followers, shares and comments on the #bloggerblackmail post!It really means a lot, the issue being discussed; "I don't do 8 hours work for an 8 piece macron selection box" #bloggerblackmail; Wondering what #bloggerblackmail is about? I explain what's going on and who's in the wrong http://www.kerryetc.co.uk/2015/08/bloggerblackmail-whos-really-in-wrong.html …; #bloggerblackmail was avoidable. Bloggers & brands need to clearly outline their expectations and come to an agreement beforehand.; #bloggerblackmail 1. Both parties acted childishly. 2. Communication is necessary. 3. Not all bloggers are dickwads. 4. I'm craving cakes.

thrift store schmovies

#ThriftshopSchmovies @schmovie The Lord Of The Rings Nobody Wants; #ThriftshopSchmovies 12 Years a Hipster; Goodwill Bargain Hunting #ThriftshopSchmovies @Schmovie; #ThriftShopSchmovies Stain Man

Charles DiLaurentis

****SPOLIER ALERT SPOILER ALERT SPOILER ALERT****** Charlotte DiLaurentis was born as Charles DiLaurentis and assigned male at birth. Charles lived with her father, mother, sister Alison, and brother Jason until she was 5 years old. One day, her mother was playing in the garden with Jason and Alison was crying in her crib. She told Alison she would get help and tapped on the window for her mom to come help, but Jessica didn't hear her because she was talking to a neighbor in the yard. Charles then took it upon herself to make Alison feel better. She told her she would run her a bath, as that always made Charles feel better. Charles took baby Alison to the tub and dropped her in; however, Alison started to drown. Mr. DiLaurentis ran in and saw Alison in the tub and Charles, not knowing what to do, just standing next to it. Kenneth freaked out on Charles, as he thought Charles was trying to intentionally hurt Allison. According to Charlotte, as a child she always asked her mother to buy her dresses but her dad wouldn't let Jessica. Charlotte surmises that her dad sent her to Radley because of her insistence that she was a girl and not a boy and that he knew that the bathtub incident was an accident, but he just used it as an excuse to send her away.

forensic books

i have tons of forensic science books. the family always finds me them. occasionally they'll read them. its very interesting subject. a friend asked if my family is into it and when i said they were he said so its a family thing. i say much to my chagrin.

gothic fashion

Gothic fashion is a clothing style marked by conspicuously dark, mysterious, antiquated and homogenous features. It is worn by members of the goth subculture. A dark, sometimes morbid fashion and style of dress, typical gothic fashion includes a pale complexion with colored black hair, black lips and black clothes. Both male and female goths wear dark eyeliner and dark fingernail polish. Styles are often borrowed from the Punk fashion, Victorians and Elizabethans. Goth fashion is sometimes confused with heavy metal fashion and emo fashion.

Coffee in the morning

Coffee is a breakfast drink that i like. my brothers and mom hate it. my brothers think it stunts your growth. if this was true than i'm SUPER short. Coffee is a great appetite suppressant. its also really nice in the morning. it helps me stay up.

Hollister Co.

Hollister Co., often advertised as Hollister or HCo., is an American lifestyle brand owned by Abercrombie & Fitch Co. The concept was originally designed to attract consumers aged 14–18, at a lower price point than the parent brand through its SoCal -inspired image and casual wear. Goods are available in-store and through the company's online store. It was ranked as the second most preferred clothing brand of US teens on a long list of actual West Coast companies in 2008 by Piper Jaffray. History: Establishment Hollister Co. does not bill itself as a hardcore surf line. According to A&F spokesperson Hampton Carney, “We’re not going after the ‘core surfing market. It’s more about the lifestyle and inspiration, rather than the actual activity.” Although Hollister Co. was founded in 2000, Abercrombie & Fitch has created a fictional history surrounding its founder. According to this history, John Hollister, Sr. emigrated from New York to the Dutch East Indies, and established the company bearing his name upon returning to the United States and settling in California in 1922. Opening and effect. The first store opened in July 2000 at the Easton Town Center in Columbus, Ohio. HCO's rapid success led Abercrombie & Fitch Co. to notice that the HCo. brand then surpassed the Abercrombie & Fitch brand. In order to properly distinguish A&F from HCo., higher-grade materials and construction were introduced strictly in the production of A&F clothing and goods, thus raising the prices of the merchandise. Hollister primarily targets the 14 to 18 years old demographic; however it sells to people aged mainly 12 years old to 30 years old. From international expansion to today Hollister shop in Hong Kong: Abercrombie & Fitch Co. expanded into Canada in mid-January 2006. A&F opened Abercrombie & Fitch and Hollister Co. stores at the Toronto Eaton Centre and Sherway Gardens shopping malls in Toronto, Ontario. These openings were delayed from the end of 2005 to early 2006 by construction and planning issues. As of 2009, HCo. locations in Canada were: Sherway Gardens, Toronto Eaton Centre, and Fairview Mall in Toronto, the West Edmonton Mall in Edmonton, Alberta, and Upper Canada Mall, in Newmarket, Ontario, and Pacific Centre in Vancouver, British Columbia as of January 29, 2009. In 2010, the store's eighth location in Canada opened at Polo Park in Winnipeg, and a store opened on October 29, at Fairview Park Mall in Kitchener, Ontario. In 2011, the first Hollister store in Atlantic Canada opened at the Halifax Shopping Center in Halifax. Stores also opened in Hamilton, Ontario and Brampton, Ontario in 2011. Starting summer 2007, Abercrombie & Fitch Co. spent an approximate amount of $10 million USD to install video walls into Hollister Co. stores nationwide. The walls play live-feed from Surf City Huntington Beach, California to provide customers with a flavor of the SoCal surf atmosphere HCo. promotes. Hollister pays the city of Huntington Beach for the cameras located on the Huntington Beach Pier. By October 2, 2007, 100 select Hollister California stores began to promote Abercrombie & Fitch Co.'s fifth brand Gilly Hicks prior to the latter's debut in January 2008. Advertising was achieved through a variety of body care items including body sprays, deodorant, soaps, lotions, and lip balms called Sessions. On October 25, 2008, Hollister Co. opened its first store outside of the U.S. and Canada in Brent Cross, London. In December 2008 Hollister Co. opened its second store in the UK in Westfield London and a third at the upmarket Bluewater shopping centre, Kent, UK. Further more, after the success of the UK HCo. stores in London, the first Hollister store outside of London was opened on May 14, 2009 in WestQuay Shopping centre in Southampton, its fifth UK store was opened in Milton Keynes at the beginning of 2010. There are also Hollister stores in Sheffield's Meadowhall shopping centre, Norwich's Chapelfield shopping centre, Birmingham's Bullring, Manchester's Trafford Centre mall, Solihull's Touchwood Centre and Newcastle upon Tyne's Eldon Square there is also a store in Westfield Stratford city and in the Oracle shopping centre in Reading, Glasgow and Edinburgh as well. Hollister Co. has also opened stores in Italy (Rome, Venice, Milan, Florence, Bergamo), Germany (Berlin, Frankfurt, Oberhausen, Hamburg, Ludwigshafen, Neuss, Bonn, Cologne and Dresden), and more recently in Spain (Barcelona, Madrid, Bilbao, Valencia, La Coruña, Zaragoza and Marbella). In 2011 Hollister opened its first store in Dublin, Ireland in the Dundrum Town Centre. Marketing for the HCo. flagship was launched in May 2009. The extensive marketing campaign advertised the store as "The Epic Hollister Store." A&F launched HCORideTheWave.com which offered electronic postcards, downloadable wallpaper and screensaver as well as directions to the flagship and a promotional film with computer-generated graphics of the multi-level floor layout and design. A countdown timer called the "Epic Countdown" tells the remaining time down to seconds till the opening. The first flagship for the HCo. brand was finally opened July 16, 2009.

caffe mocha

A caffè mocha, also called mocaccino, is a chocolate-flavored variant of a caffè latte. Like a caffè latte, it is based on espresso and hot milk, but with added chocolate, typically in the form of sweet cocoa powder, although many varieties use chocolate syrup. Mochas can contain dark or milk chocolate. Caffè mocha, in its most basic formulation, can also be referred to as hot chocolate with (e.g. a shot of) espresso added. Like cappuccino, caffè mochas typically contain the distinctive milk froth on top, although, as is common with hot chocolate, they are sometimes served with whipped cream instead. They are usually topped with a dusting of either cinnamon or cocoa powder and marshmallows may also be added on top for flavor and decoration. A variant is white caffè mocha, made with white chocolate instead of milk or dark. There are also variants of the drink that mix the two syrups; this mixture is referred to by several names, including black and white mocha, tan mocha, marble mocha, tuxedo mocha and zebra. The caffeine content is approximately 430 mg/L (12.7 mg/US fl oz) which is 152 mg for a 350 mL (12 US fl oz) glass

baby smile

whenever i used to walk into work, i'd pass the babies. they would wanna play with me a bit or smile before i put my stuff away

Aéropostale

Aéropostale, Inc. (occasionally known as Aéro) is an American shopping mall-based specialty retailer of casual apparel and accessories, principally targeting ages 14-to-40-year-old men and women through its Aéropostale stores and 4-to-12-year-old children through its P.S. from Aéropostale stores. Aéropostale maintains control over its proprietary brands by designing, sourcing, marketing and selling all of its own merchandise. The company operates 914 Aéropostale stores in the U.S. (spanning all 50 states and Puerto Rico) and about 75 stores in Canada. P.S. from Aéropostale operates 97 stores in 22 U.S. states. Aéropostale's licensees operate 20 Aéropostale and P.S. from Aéropostale stores in the Middle East, Asia, Europe, Mexico, and Panama. The first Aéropostale store was opened in 1987 by Macy's in the Westside Pavilion Mall in Los Angeles, CA. The company has grown from 119 stores in 1999 to the current 916 nationwide.

chinese princess

my "breaking the norm" outfit was a japanese geisha and clogs.i looked like an idiot or someone fresh off the boat. my dad was worried i'd be hurt doing a project. i wasn't. too bad i forgot to take off my costume at Mickey D's and too bad i had hot coffee late at night and stayed up till midnight on a school night.

Autopsy (Tv series)

Autopsy is a television series of HBO's America Undercover documentary series. Dr. Michael Baden, a real-life forensic pathologist, is the primary analyst, and has been personally involved in many of the cases that are reviewed. Episodes and cases: Autopsy: Confessions of a Medical Examiner (1994) The Case of Joan Bent: Murdered in 1986, the analysis of Joan Bent's stomach contents caught her killer. Finding a tattooed arm in the belly of a shark helps solve a missing persons' case. The Case of Marybeth Tinning: Marybeth Tinning was discovered to have killed nine children over 14 years; a stunning example of Munchausen syndrome by proxy. The Case of Billy Martin: The legendary New York Yankees manager died in 1989 in a single-car accident; Dr. Baden shows that he was not the driver. The Green Haven Prison Murder: Dr. Baden uses dental records to find the killer of a female prison guard. The Case of LaToya Thomas: A 13-year-old girl is wrongfully convicted of strangling her mother to death; Dr. Baden helps to exonerate her. The Iceman: Analysis of a preserved corpse found in the Swiss Alps determines it to be 5,000 years old. Autopsy 2: Voices From the Dead (1995) The Case of the Unidentified Torso: A dismembered torso is identified through its pelvic bones as the missing Joyce Klindt, who was murdered by her husband, James. Maggots In Evidence: A bathtub filled with filthy water, a skeleton, and maggots leads examiners to analyze the maggots to determine suicide by barbiturate overdose. The Good Doctor: The investigation of Dr. John Cavaness, who murdered two of his four sons. The Jellyfish Case: An unidentified body that washes ashore in a plastic bag is identified as murder victim Keeran Carter, who was identified through the serial numbers on her breast implants. The Angel of Death: The exhumation of several bodies convicts "angel of death" serial killer Donald Harvey, a nurse's aide at Drake Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Ron Settles Case: Ron Settles, a star college football running back, is arrested and declared an apparent suicide by hanging. Dr. Baden proves his death was a result of a police choke hold. A Mother's Instinct: The death of 4 year old Dennis Jurgens, whose biological mother, Jerry Sherwood, learns of her son's death years after she gave him up for adoption. Lois Jurgens was later convicted of the murder of her adopted son. The Fun House Dummy: A fun house dummy is found to be the mummified corpse of a Wild West outlaw named Elmer McCurdy. who was shot to death in 1911. Forensic reconstruction of King Tut's face. Autopsy 3: Voices From the Grave (1996) Intro: The need for modern forensic science comes of age with Jack the Ripper, the first modern serial killer. The Sam Kastanis Case: Pathologists prove that Margaret Kastanis murdered her three children before committing suicide, exonerating her husband, who had been convicted for the slaying of his family. A Killer's Signature: The murder of Milagros Satero, whose killer was found through examining the contents of her stomach. The Cheater: The December 1983 disappearance of singer Walter Scott culminates in a conviction for double homicide when his body is found 4 years later floating in his wife's lover's back yard cistern. The Story of Anna: The signature bite marks left by an abducted 11-year-old girl's braces on her attacker's body convicts him of rape and attempted murder. The Face From The Grave: A "faceprint" of Juana Gillette's face on the trash bag that suffocated her convicts her husband, Ronald, of her murder. The Black Widow: The attempted murder of Reverend Dwight Moore by arsenic poisoning leads to the discovery that his second wife, Blanche Taylor Moore, is a serial killer. The Mystery of Folly Island: Nineteen decapitated skeletons are discovered in an island off Charleston, South Carolina, and found to be Union soldiers, members of Wild's African Brigade. Autopsy 4: The Dead Speak (1997) A Cry In The Night: Belinda Wood is murdered by her downstairs neighbor, who torches their apartment building to destroy the crime scene. The Crypt Keeper: An elderly man vanishes from his New Orleans home; two decades later, an investigation is needed when a skeleton is found in a hidden room in the basement. The Michelle Wallace Case: Photographer Michelle Wallace vanishes in the Colorado Rockies; two braids of hair change the case from a disappearance to a homicide, and help convict her killer. The Perfect Witness: DNA analysis of cat hairs brings a killer to justice on Canada's Prince Edward Island. The Case of The Masked Man: Paula Sims claims her baby girl was abducted by a masked intruder; her bones, found later in the woods near her home, shed no light on her death. When the Sims' second daughter is also kidnapped, a forensic examination of the infant's body convicts Paula for both murders. Case of The Missing Cowboy: The investigation of an dismembered and morphine-filled torso and head convicts a rancher mother of three in the death of her boyfriend, Casey Elliott. The Bog People: The peat bogs of Europe yield up perfectly preserved bodies, all violently murdered over 2,000 years ago. Autopsy 5: Dead Men Do Tell Tales (1998) Intro: History of outlawed autopsy and body-snatching to provide bodies for dissection. The Robert Curley Case: A university electrician dies from a mystery ailment; high thallium levels in his hair provide a timeline that proves systematic poisoning by his new bride. The Collector: FBI profilers use a Dallas serial killer's obsession with trophies to arrest "the eyeball killer", Charles Albright. Murder in Paradise: Forensic analysis of a rack of antlers leads to the arrest of a poacher for the slaughter of Charger, a famous elk in Yellowstone National Park. The Roy Kirk Case: Slumlord Roy Kirk is apprehended for murdering and dismembering his complaining neighbor, Ann Hoover; examination also shows how the handcuffed and shackled Kirk hanged himself in the police van en route to the station. A Bad Impression: Two prostitute murderers of a pimp are identified by a bite impression left in a wad of chewing gum. The Videotape Murder: A video of skaters in a park is enhanced to prove that a suspect with missing fingertips did not commit a murder caught on tape. The Mary Ann Powell Case: Strange scratch patterns in the aluminum seat of his newly purchased boat connects Warren Powell to the murder and disposal of the body of his pregnant young wife. Autopsy 6: Secrets of the Dead (1999) The Case of the Severed Hand: Fingerprinting a waterlogged hand found in the Manatee River leads to a violated corpse and a voodoo practitioner running a funeral parlor. A Fatal Attraction: Hairs found at the crime scene of Andrew Katrinak's missing wife and baby convict his ex-girlfriend of their abduction and murder. The Margo Prade Story: A physician is found shot in her car; the unusual imprint of only half a bite mark convicts her husband, a decorated police captain with an upper plate of false teeth, of her murder. The Telltale Imprint: An incriminating lipstick print left on the glass door convicts a robber, who held up the bank in drag. An American Dream: When Jack Reeve's third wife, a Filipina immigrant, disappears, he reveals his second wife, a Korean immigrant, drowned at Lake Whitney and his first wife, Sharon, committed suicide by pulling a shotgun trigger with her big toe. An exhumation of Sharon's body proves her death was a homicide. Reeves was convicted of the murders of his first and third wife, whose remains were found in a shallow grave at Lake Whitney. The Strange Obsession of Dr. Carl von Cosel: An elderly physician's fixation on preserving the corpse of his lovely young tuberculosis patient in 1930's Key West results in grave robbing and necrophilia. Autopsy 7: Dead Man Talking (2001) Maggots For The Defense: A maggot timeline exonerates a wrongly-convicted Boy Scout leader for murder. Criss/Cross: Marks left on a body by stolen jewelry thwart a pact by two Hoboken husbands to murder each other's wives. The Good Doctor: Dr. John Schneeberger drugs and rapes a patient and his stepdaughter, evading arrest for years by implanting a vial of another's blood in his arm to beating DNA testing. The Sue Snow Case: An incorrect determination of her husband's death prompts Stella Nickell to kill again with cyandide, in the first product tampering case in the United States. Til Death Do Us Part: An autopsy of Chang and Eng Bunker, the famous conjoined twin brothers whose nationality became the basis for the term "Siamese twins". Autopsy 8: Dead Giveaway (2002) Pure Evil: Investigation of the remains of their victims leads to the apprehension of Canadian serial rapists and murderers Paul Bernardo and Karla Homolka. The Lady Vanishes: DNA on the envelope of a suicide note proves that a "missing" wife was being impersonated by her murderous husband. Mail Rape: A serial rapist attempts to throw doubt on his case by mailing a DNA sample to an accomplice. Blood Hound of Detroit: A blood scenting dog ties up a case that begins with body parts found in a dumpster. The Medicine Man: Chief Medical Examiner William Cybers wrongly assumes that embalming will hide all the evidence that he murdered his wife. Belle of Them All: The 1931 capture of an elderly woman for poisoning her boyfriend reveals her to be notorious Norwegian-American serial killer Belle Gunness, who murdered her children and prospective husbands decades ago, burying their bodies on her pig farm before faking her own death. Autopsy 9: Dead Awakening (2003) A Baby's Cry: Laser light on a baby's body reveals bruises, proving her stepfather to be responsible for her death. A Deadly Fare: DNA in a discarded tissue helps convict the murderer of a Banff cabdriver. Love Thy Neighbor: The thallium poisoning of an entire family is tracked to their next door neighbor, George Trepal, a murderous games-playing chemist. In Your Face: Laser light reveals an impression left on a truck's airbag,convicting a suspect in a multiple-fatality hit and run. Thread of Evidence: Carpet fibers lead to the apprehension of Steven Brian Pennell, the U.S. 40 serial killer. Ask Dr. Baden: An online request to evaluate a crime scene leads to a couple's deaths being reclassified as homicides. An Actual Autopsy and A Re-Examination of "Autopsy's" Most Complex Cases (2003) Dr. Baden takes the audience step-by-step through a genuine autopsy and looks back on unusually difficult cases. The Black Widow The Marybeth Tinning Story Pure Evil The Angel of Death Ask Dr. Baden: An Autopsy Special (2005) (referred to also as Autopsy 10 on the Autopsy website) Autopsy 11: Sex, Lies and Murder... (2006) The Love Bird: A loyal pet cockatoo's attack on his owner's murderer leads to a conviction. Justice for Jaime: Lasting Impression: The imprint of a license plate number on a hit and run victim leads to the driver's arrest and conviction. He Said...She Said: Autopsy: Post Mortem with Dr. Michael Baden (2008) The assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963 The royal Romanov family in Russia in 1918 The deaths of Sid Vicious and his girlfriend Nancy Spungen four months apart in 1978-9 The double-murder case involving O.J. Simpson in 1994 Illnesses and deaths in first responders due to exposure to toxic chemicals at Ground Zero in the hours and days after 9/11

forensic arts

Forensic art is any art used in law enforcement or legal proceedings. Within this field are such skills as composite drawing, crime scene sketching, image modification and image identification, courtroom drawings, demonstrative evidence, and postmortem and facial approximation aids. Not every forensic artist uses all of these skills. The term forensic comes from the Roman forum where law and politics were debated. From this beginning, the word forensic now means anything pertaining to law or law enforcement or debate. The skill of facial approximation is closely associated and related to forensic anthropology in that an artist specializes in the reconstruction of the remains of a human body. Generally this discipline focuses on the human face for identification purposes. The forensic artist can create a facial approximation in a number of ways to include 2D (drawing), 3D (sculpture) and by methods using new computerized technology. Forensic artists generally can add greater character and make their subjects come back to "life". Most forensic artists do the job as a collateral duty to their "regular" job in law enforcement, such as police officer, crime scene tech, etc. They do the work on salary, and normally are not paid extra for it. There are extremely few full-time forensic artist jobs to be had. Most full-time artists work in large cities, or in state or federal agencies. "Freelancing" in forensic art is extremely difficult to build as a career, as ties to law enforcement are a necessary part of the job, and agencies have limited budgets to pay contractors. A well know Forensic Artist is Angela Montenegro from the tv-series Bones

Transient evidence

Transient evidence is term used in criminal forensics to indicate elements of physical evidence that might be expected to degrade or disappear within a particular time frame. As such, it is one of the five primary categories of physical evidence codified in Legal Medicine by the American College of Legal Medicine, along with conditional evidence, pattern evidence, transfer evidence and associative evidence. While, in a sense, many types of evidence degrade with the passage of time (such as witness recollections, a victim's clothing, etc.), the term is specific to factors with an inherently limited period of existence. A bloodstain itself is not transient evidence, despite its mutable nature. The condition and appearance of that bloodstain at a given point of time would, however, be transient evidence. Transient medical evidence: Transient evidence is frequently relied upon in the determination of time of death. The condition of rigor mortis begins to manifest after about 3 hours after death, and lasts about 72 hours. It then disappears as proteolytic enzymes from lysosomes break down the stiffness of the corpse. The reduction in internal temperature after death, a process known as algor mortis, can also be used to estimate demise. Another noteworthy transient condition is livor mortis, the purplish pooling of blood within the body after the heart has stopped beating. Emergency responders are instructed to recognize it as a sign that CPR should not be attempted. Investigators may use it to determine if a body has been moved or repositioned after death. Livor mortis starts 20 minutes to 3 hours after death and is congealed in the capillaries in 4 to 5 hours. Maximum lividity occurs within 6–12 hours. By far, the most commonly documented transient medical evidence is blood alcohol level. Since the development of accurate portable breathalyzer technology, the determination of illegal intoxication has become a matter of field forensics. Transient environmental evidence: Certain aspects of a crime scene may manifest themselves only for brief periods. For instance, the distinctive smoke and odor an incendiary device emits may be evident only within the first few minutes. Those arriving on the scene later, when the blaze is fully fueled by the structure itself, might perceive no indicators of suspicious origin, and indeed might not search for such a device among the debris. Other examples include: the heat of a gun barrel, indicating it had been recently fired. The color of a bloodstain, indicating its freshness. The absence of transient environmental evidence can also be evidentiary, as in the case of odors associated with decomposition. If a skeletal body is found within the confines of a frequented space (such as in a closet in a public bar), the fact that no one complained about the smell during putrefaction is a strong indicator that the body has been relocated. Transient contextual evidence: Not all scenes can remain preserved during the course of an investigation. A vehicular incident, for example, must often be quickly cleared from the road. An exterior scene can be promptly compromised by weather. Sometimes aspects of the scene are intentionally destroyed in the process of investigation: one might, for instance, break down a locked door to discover what is on the other side, destroying a pattern of blood spatters on the door in the process. In all such instances, the advent of photography has become invaluable. Immediate and extensive photographing of a scene is often the only means of preserving transient contextual evidence, which is why photographic documentation, in standard protocol, takes precedence to all other steps of investigation (subsequent to securing the scene). Investigators are encouraged "to not hesitate to photograph something which has no apparent significance at that time - it may later prove to be a key element in the investigation."

CSI effect

The CSI effect, also known as the CSI syndrome and the CSI infection, is any of several ways in which the exaggerated portrayal of forensic science on crime television shows such as CSI: Crime Scene Investigation influences public perception. The term most often refers to the belief that jurors have come to demand more forensic evidence in criminal trials, thereby raising the effective standard of proof for prosecutors. While this belief is widely held among American legal professionals, some studies have suggested that crime shows are unlikely to cause such an effect, although frequent CSI viewers may place a lower value on circumstantial evidence. As technology improves and becomes more prevalent throughout society, people may also develop higher expectations for the capabilities of forensic technology. There are several other manifestations of the CSI effect. Greater public awareness of forensic science has also increased the demand for forensic evidence in police investigations, inflating workloads for crime laboratories. The number and popularity of forensic science programs at the university level have greatly increased worldwide, though some new programs have been criticized for inadequately preparing their students for real forensic work. Forensic science shows have inspired both criminals and victims to attempt to conceal or plant evidence, respectively. Background: The CSI effect is named for CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, a television program which first aired in 2000. In CSI, a fictional team of crime scene investigators solve murders in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. In each episode, the discovery of a human corpse leads to a criminal investigation by members of the team, who gather and analyze forensic evidence, question witnesses, and apprehend suspects.:ch.IIA The show's popularity led to three spin-offs: CSI: Miami, which debuted in 2002, CSI: NY, first aired in 2004, and CSI: Cyber, which premiered in 2015. The CSI franchise's success resulted in the production of many similar shows; in turn, the "CSI effect" has been associated with other crime shows, including American Justice, Bones, Cold Case, Cold Case Files, Cold Squad, Criminal Minds, Crossing Jordan, Exhibit A: Secrets of Forensic Science, Forensic Files, Law & Order, NCIS, Numb3rs, Silent Witness, Waking the Dead, Wire in the Blood, and Without a Trace.:ch.2 Based on the Nielsen ratings, six of the top ten most popular television shows in the United States in 2005 were crime dramas, and CSI: Crime Scene Investigation reached the number one ranking in November 2007.:ch.2 Several aspects of popular crime shows have been criticized as being unrealistic. For instance, the show's characters not only investigate ("process") crime scenes, but they also conduct raids, engage in suspect pursuit and arrest, interrogate suspects, and solve cases, which falls under the responsibility of uniformed officers and detectives, not CSI personnel. Additionally, if CSIs process a crime scene it is inappropriate for them to also be involved in the examination and testing of any evidence collected from that scene as it would compromise the impartiality of scientific evidence. In real investigations, DNA and fingerprint data is often unobtainable and, when they are available, can take several weeks or months to process, whereas television crime labs usually get results within hours. In the first season of CSI, technicians made a plaster mold of the interior of a wound to determine the type of knife used to make the wound, which is not possible with current technology. Characters on television often use the word "match" to describe a definitive relationship between two pieces of evidence, whereas real forensic technicians tend to use terms that are less definite, which acknowledges that absolute certainty is often not possible. Anthony E. Zuiker, creator of the CSI franchise, claimed that "all of the science is accurate" on the shows; researchers, however, have described CSI‍‍ '​‍s portrayal of forensic science as "high-tech magic". Forensic scientist Thomas Mauriello estimated that 40 percent of the scientific techniques depicted on CSI do not exist. In addition to using unrealistic techniques, CSI ignores all elements of uncertainty present in real investigations, and instead portrays experimental results as absolute truth. The notion that these inaccurate portrayals could alter the public perception of forensic evidence was dubbed the "CSI effect", a term which began to appear in mainstream media as early as 2004. By 2009, more than 250 stories about the CSI effect had appeared in newspapers and magazines, including articles in National Geographic, Scientific American, and U.S. News & World Report. Although the CSI effect is a recent phenomenon, it has long been recognized that media portrayals of the United States legal system are capable of significantly altering public awareness, knowledge, and opinions of it. A 2002 juror survey showed that viewers of the popular court show Judge Judy were greatly misinformed about the purpose of the judge within a courtroom. Earlier programs which may have affected public perception of "the legal or investigative systems" include Perry Mason (1957–66), Quincy, M.E. (1976–83) and the Law & Order franchise (1990–present).:ch.4 News media reports on criminal trials, extensive internet blogging, and the successes of the Innocence Project have also contributed to the increased public awareness of forensic science. Zuiker has stated that "'The CSI Effect' is, in my opinion, the most amazing thing that has ever come out of the series." Manifestations Trials: The popularity of forensic crime television shows supposedly gives rise to many misconceptions about the nature of forensic science and investigation procedures among jury members.:ch.2 The CSI effect is hypothesized to affect verdicts in two main ways: first, that jurors expect more forensic evidence than is available or necessary, resulting in a higher rate of acquittal when such evidence is absent; and second, that jurors have greater confidence in forensic and particularly DNA evidence than is warranted, resulting in a higher rate of conviction when such evidence is present. While these and other effects may be caused by crime shows, the most commonly reported effect is that jurors are wrongly acquitting defendants despite overwhelming evidence of guilt. In particular, prosecutors have reported feeling pressured to provide DNA evidence even when eyewitness testimony is available. In one highly publicized incident, LA, California District Attorney Steve Cooley blamed actor Robert Blake's acquittal on murder charges on the CSI effect. Cooley noted that the not guilty verdict came despite two witness accounts of Blake's guilt, and claimed that the jury members were "incredibly stupid". By 2005, some prosecutors had begun altering their trial preparations and procedures in an attempt to counter the CSI effect. Some ask questions about forensic television viewership during voir dire to target biased jurors; others use opening statements and closing arguments to minimize the possible impact of the CSI effect, and instruct jurors to adhere to the court's standards of evidence rather than those seen on television. Prosecutors have even hired expert witnesses to explain why particular forms of physical evidence are not relevant to their cases. In one Australian murder case, the defense counsel requested a judge-only trial to avoid having DNA evidence misinterpreted by a jury. By 2006, the CSI effect had become widely accepted as reality among legal professionals, despite little empirical evidence to validate or disprove it. A 2008 survey by researcher Monica Robbers showed that roughly 80 percent of all American legal professionals believed they had had decisions affected by forensic television programs. New York University professor Tom R. Tyler argued that, from a psychological standpoint, crime shows are more likely to increase the rate of convictions than acquittals, as the shows promote a sense of justice and closure which is not attained when a jury acquits a defendant. The perceived rise in the rate of acquittals may be related to sympathy for the defendant or declining confidence in legal authorities. A 2006 survey of U.S. university students reached a similar conclusion: the influence of CSI is unlikely to burden prosecutors, and may actually help them. One of the largest empirical studies of the CSI effect was undertaken in 2006 by Washtenaw County Circuit Court Judge Donald Shelton and two researchers from Eastern Michigan University. They surveyed more than 1,000 jurors, and found that while juror expectations for forensic evidence had increased, there was no correlation between viewership of crime shows and tendency to convict. One alternate explanation for the changing perception of forensic evidence is the so-called "tech effect": as technology improves and becomes more prevalent throughout society, people develop higher expectations for the capabilities of forensic technology. Shelton described one instance in which a jury member complained because the prosecution had not dusted the lawn for fingerprints, a procedure which is impossible and had not been demonstrated on any crime show.:ch.7 A later study by the same authors found that frequent CSI viewers may place a lower value on circumstantial evidence, but their viewership had no influence on their evaluation of eyewitness testimony or their tendency to convict in cases with multiple types of evidence. Many stories about the CSI effect assume that there has been an increase in acquittal rates, though this is often based entirely on anecdotal evidence. A 2009 study of conviction statistics in eight states found that, contrary to the opinions of criminal prosecutors, the acquittal rate has decreased in the years since the debut of CSI. The outcome of any given trial is much more strongly dependent on the state in which it took place, rather than whether it occurred before or after the CSI premiere. A 2010 study by the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee suggests that, while there may be a correlation between crime show viewership and a perceived understanding of DNA evidence, there was no evidence that such viewership affected jury decision making. As of August 2010, no empirical evidence has demonstrated a correlation between CSI viewership and acquittal rates. One researcher suggested that the perception of a CSI effect—and of other courtroom effects, such as Perry Mason syndrome and white coat syndrome—is caused not by the incompetence of jury members, but by a general distrust of the jury system as a whole. Academia: The CSI effect has influenced the manner in which forensic scientists are educated and trained. In the past, those who sought to enter the field of forensics typically earned an undergraduate degree in a science, followed by a master's degree. However, the popularity of programs such as CSI has caused an increase in the demand for undergraduate courses and graduate programs in forensic science. In 2004, the forensics programs at Florida International University and the University of California, Davis doubled in size, reportedly as a result of the CSI effect. However, many students enter such programs with unrealistic expectations. Vocational interest in forensic science has proliferated among students in countries besides the United States, including Australia, the United Kingdom, and Germany. The increased popularity of the forensic science program at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland has also been attributed to the CSI effect. Although the increased popularity of forensics programs means there are more applicants for jobs at crime labs, there is some concern that these courses do not adequately prepare students for real forensics work,:602 as graduates often lack a firm grasp of basic scientific principles that would come from a science degree. Many forensics students are presented with streamlined exercises with overly clear answers, which may give them distorted perceptions of the power of forensic science. The Albuquerque Police Department has attempted to improve scientific literacy among future forensic scientists and jurors alike by developing a "Citizen CSI" course which familiarizes local citizens with the "capabilities and limitations of authentic forensic science techniques.":605 While forensic crime shows are often criticized for portraying technologies that do not exist, these may inspire inventors and research teams, as it is not uncommon for scientific innovations to be first portrayed in science fiction.:ch.12 Crimes: The CSI effect may alter how crimes are committed. In 2000, the year that CSI: Crime Scene Investigation debuted, 46.9 percent of all rape cases in the United States were solved by police. By 2005, the solve rate had fallen to 41.3 percent. Some investigators attributed this decline to the CSI effect, as crime shows often explain in detail how criminals can conceal or destroy evidence. Several rape victims have reported that their assailants forced them to shower or clean themselves with bleach after their assaults. In December 2005, Jermaine McKinney broke into a home in Trumbull County, Ohio, where he murdered two women. A fan of CSI, McKinney went to unusual lengths to remove evidence of his crime: he cleaned his hands with bleach, burned the bodies and his clothing, and attempted to dispose of the murder weapon in a lake. McKinney was eventually apprehended. Ray Peavy, head of the Los Angeles County homicide division, commented that, in addition to teaching criminals how to conceal evidence, crime shows may even "encourage them when they see how simple it is to get away with [it] on television." Others argue that shows like CSI are not having any educational effect on criminals. Max Houck, director of the Forensic Science Initiative at West Virginia University, said although CSI may be educating criminals, people who resort to a life of crime generally are not very intelligent to begin with. It is also possible that crime shows have the opposite effect, if attempts to conceal evidence generate more evidence. Houck gave an example of criminals who avoided licking envelopes because of the DNA in their saliva, but left fingerprints and hair samples on adhesive tape instead. Tammy Klein, the lead investigator on the McKinney case, said that the killings she investigates are committed by people "who for the most part are pretty stupid." Larry Pozner, former president of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, argued that because people who commit violent crimes generally do not take precautions, television forensics programs are unlikely to have any effect on their behavior. Convicted serial rapist Jonathan Haynes forced his victims to destroy forensic evidence. He was only caught after one of his victims deliberately pulled out her own hair which was later discovered in his car, tying him to the attacks. She was inspired by watching the CSI television series. Police investigations: Law enforcement officers often receive inquiries and demands about their investigations that stem from unrealistic portrayals on television. In a 2010 survey of Canadian police officers, some were frustrated by these CSI-affected queries, though most saw them as opportunities to inform the public about real police work. New technologies and the increased public awareness of forensic science have stimulated new interest in solving cold cases and encouraged higher accountability among police investigators. However, the increased demand for forensic evidence can cause an unmanageable workload for forensic laboratories. Some crime labs process several thousand cases every year. Many law enforcement agencies have insufficient storage space for the increasing amount of physical evidence they collect. In some investigations, DNA evidence is not collected simply because there is not enough space to store it properly.

line dancing

A line dance is a choreographed dance with a repeated sequence of steps in which a group of people dance in one or more lines or rows without regard for the gender of the individuals, all facing either each other or in the same direction, and executing the steps at the same time. Unlike in circle dancing, line dancers are not in physical contact with each other. Line dancing is practiced and learned in country-western dance bars, social clubs, dance clubs and ballrooms. It is sometimes combined on dance programs with other forms of country-western dance, such as two-step, western promenade dances, and as well as western-style variants of the waltz, polka and swing. Line dances have accompanied many popular music styles since the early 1970s including pop, swing, rock and roll, disco, Latin (salsa suelta), rhythm and blues and jazz.

Dennis Farina

Dennis Farina (February 29, 1944 – July 22, 2013) was an American actor of film and television and former Chicago police officer. He was a character actor, often typecast as a mobster or police officer. His most known film roles are those of mobster Jimmy Serrano in the comedy Midnight Run and Ray "Bones" Barboni in Get Shorty. He starred on television as Lieutenant Mike Torello on Crime Story and as NYPD Detective Joe Fontana on Law & Order. He also hosted and narrated a revived version of Unsolved Mysteries. His last major television role was in HBO's Luck, which premiered on January 29, 2012. Farina was born in Chicago, Illinois, to Sicilian-American parents Joseph Farina, a doctor, and his wife Yolanda Donati. His father was from Villalba, Sicily. He had three brothers and three sisters. Before becoming an actor, Farina served three years in the United States Army, followed by 18 years in the Chicago Police Department's burglary division, from 1967 to 1985. Farina was married to Patricia Farina from 1970 until their divorce in 1980. They have three sons together: Dennis Jr, Michael and Joseph. His youngest son, Joseph, is also an actor. He has two granddaughters, Brianna and Olivia, and four grandsons: Michael, Tyler, Matthew and Eric. He lived with his longtime girlfriend Marianne Cahill in Chicago and Scottsdale, Arizona. Farina was a lifelong Chicago Cubs fan and played in this role in a 1988 revival of the successful 1977 Organic Theater Company stage play Bleacher Bums, which was written by and starred fellow Chicago actors Joe Mantegna and Dennis Franz. Arrest: Farina was arrested on May 11, 2008, for carrying a loaded .22 caliber pistol through Los Angeles International Airport security. Farina was taken to the Los Angeles Police Department's Pacific Division and booked on suspicion of carrying a concealed weapon, and bail was set at $25,000. He claimed he had simply forgotten the weapon was still in his briefcase and had never intended to take it on a plane. After police determined the weapon was unregistered, the charges were upgraded to a felony and bail was increased to $35,000. On July 17, 2008, after reaching a plea agreement with prosecutors, Farina pleaded no contest and was sentenced to two years' probation. Death: Farina died on July 22, 2013, in a hospital in Scottsdale, Arizona after suffering a pulmonary embolism. Farina is buried at Mount Carmel Cemetery in Hillside, Illinois.

moaning myrtle

Moaning Myrtle is a ghost that haunts the first floor girls' lavatory at Hogwarts. True to her nickname, she has a tendency to moan, sob, whine, wail and complain, especially when death is mentioned. Her constant moping and wailing causes plumbing problems in the lavatory she haunts. Rowling revealed on her website that Myrtle was in Ravenclaw House and on Twitter that her full name was Myrtle Elizabeth Warren. In Chamber of Secrets, it is established that the character is the ghost of a Muggle-born witch who died while a student at Hogwarts, fifty years before the events in the book. Myrtle was hiding in the first floor girls' lavatory to elude Olive Hornby, a classmate of hers who perpetually tormented her about her glasses, when the Chamber of Secrets was opened and the basilisk emerged and killed her. Tom Riddle used her death to create his second Horcrux: his diary. After death, Myrtle haunted Olive everywhere she went, until Olive complained to the Ministry of Magic, which ordered Myrtle to return to Hogwarts. Ever since then, Myrtle has sulkily haunted the same lavatory where she died. Despite living up to her name, she is flirtatious with Harry, especially during his bath, and also makes lascivious comments regarding Cedric's bath suggesting voyeuristic tendencies. Myrtle also helps Harry with his second task in the Triwizard Tournament, in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Myrtle tells Harry how to solve the puzzle of the golden egg that he retrieved in the first task, by opening the egg underwater. She is far less miserable, and enjoys having Harry briefly to herself to boss around. He later meets her in the lake where she directs him to the merpeople's village and says they don't like her. In Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, she comforts Draco, who is worried about the task Voldemort assigned him. After Harry injures Malfoy using Sectumsempra, Myrtle quickly spreads the news throughout the school, screaming, "Murder! Murder in the bathroom!" Shirley Henderson portrays Myrtle in the film versions of Chamber of Secrets and Goblet of Fire.