Original Night Stalker

The Original Night Stalker is a media epithet for an unidentified serial killer and rapist who committed 50 rapes in Northern California and murdered twelve people in Southern California from 1979 through 1986. The crimes initially centered on the then unincorporated areas of Carmichael, Citrus Heights and Rancho Cordova, all east of Sacramento, where at least fifty women were sexually assaulted between June 18, 1976, and July 5, 1979. In 2001, several of the Northern California rapes were linked by DNA to murders in Southern California. All of the DNA linked rapes occurred in Contra Costa County, but the distinctive modus operandi (MO) of the rapist makes it extremely likely that the same man was also responsible for the attacks in the Sacramento area. His last crime and the only one after 1981 was in 1986. The Original Night Stalker has never been apprehended; several suspects have been cleared through DNA, alibi, or other investigative means and methods. Other monikers include The East Area Rapist, The Diamond Knot Killer, and since 2013, he has also been referred to as The Golden State Killer. On June 15, 2016, the FBI and local law enforcement agencies conducted a press conference to announce a nationwide push and a US$50,000 reward for his capture. They plan to erect electronic billboards nationwide and other forms of exposure for the push. Crimes: California law enforcement authorities estimate fifty rapes in the California counties of Sacramento, Contra Costa, Stanislaus, San Joaquin, Alameda, Santa Clara and Yolo were committed by the Original Night Stalker. DNA evidence conclusively links him to eight murders in Goleta, Ventura, Dana Point, and Irvine, California, with two other murders in Goleta linked by MO but not DNA. Some investigators also suspect the same perpetrator in three other murders, two in Rancho Cordova and one in Visalia. East Area Rapist crimes: The Sacramento East Area Rapist is believed to have started as a prolific burglar, only later graduating to rape. His initial modus operandi was to stalk middle class neighborhoods at night looking for women who lived in single-story homes, generally located near a school, creek, or other open space that afforded a quick escape. He was spotted on a number of occasions, but sprinted away upon detection. On one occasion, a youth who closely pursued him was shot and seriously wounded. Most victims had seen or heard a prowler on their property before the attacks, and many had suffered break-ins. Police believed the offender had a pattern of using extensive reconnaissance on several homes in a targeted neighborhood before selecting one for attack. As part of his surveillance, the stalker was also known to call victims both before and after the night of the attack, sometimes hanging up, sometimes pretending to have the wrong number, and sometimes (in calls placed after the attack) threatening them. In one of these messages which was recorded by the victim in January 1978 the stalker repeats, "Gonna kill you." Although he originally targeted women either alone in their homes or with children, he later came to prefer attacking couples instead. His standard procedure was to break in and awaken the occupants, threatening them with a handgun. Victims were generally bound with ligatures that the criminal brought to the crime scene, often blindfolding and/or gagging them with towels taken from the residence that he had carefully cut into strips. The female victim was made to tie up her male companion with bootlaces before being tied up herself. In many cases, these bindings were made so tightly that the victims had no feeling in their hands for hours after they were untied. He would then separate the couple, often stacking dishes on the back of the male, and telling him that if he heard the dishes rattle he would kill everyone in the house. The intruder at times spent hours in the home, ransacking closets and drawers, eating food in the kitchen, and coming back to utter more threats to the victims, who were often unsure as to whether he was still in the home. The perpetrator was believed to use a bicycle to travel to and from his car, and also made extensive use of parks, school yards, creek beds, and other open spaces that allowed him to stay off the street. FBI Investigation: On June 15, 2016 the FBI released further information in relation to the crimes including new composite sketches, victims and investigator testimony. They also announced a US$50,000 reward for information leading to the conviction of the East Area Rapist. The initiative includes a national database to support law enforcement investigating the crimes and to handle tips and information. Murders of Brian and Katie Maggiore: On the night of February 2, 1978, a young Sacramento couple, Brian and Katie Maggiore, were walking their dog in the Rancho Cordova area, close to where several East Area Rapist attacks had taken place. A confrontation in the street caused the couple to flee, but they were chased down and shot dead. Some investigators suspected the couple had been murdered by the East Area Rapist/Original Night Stalker due to the location, and the fact that bootlaces were found at the scene. On June 15, 2016, the FBI announced that they were confident the East Area Rapist murdered the Maggiores. The Original Night Stalker speaks: Letters and writings- "Excitement's Crave" poem (December 11, 1977): In December 1977, letters were sent to the editor of the Sacramento Bee, the Sacramento mayor's office and the KVIE 6 TV station titled "Excitement's Crave" written in poem form by an individual claiming to be the East Area Rapist. It should be noted that December 11 is also the same date that a masked man, likely the Original Night Stalker, eluded pursuit by multiple law enforcement personnel after he had apparently alerted authorities by telephone that he would strike on Watt Avenue that night. Though the authenticity of his authorship of the poem has never been proven, it is entirely possible that his successful evasion of the police on that morning inspired him to write it. 'Excitement's Crave' All those mortal's surviving birth Upon facing maturity, Take inventory of their worth To prevailing society. Choosing values becomes a task; Oneself must seek satisfaction. The selected route will unmask Character when plans take action. Accepting some work to perform At fixed pay, but promise for more, Is a recognized social norm, As is decorum, seeking lore. Achieving while others lifting Should be cause for deserving fame. Leisure tempts excitement seeking, What's right and expected seems tame. "Jessie James" has been seen by all, And "Son of Sam" has an author. Others now feel temptations call. Sacramento should make an offer. To make a movie of my life That will pay for my planned exile. Just now I' d like to add the wife Of a Mafia lord to my file. Your East Area Rapist And deserving pest. See you in the press or on T.V. "The homework" pages (December 9, 1978): During the investigation of the 42nd attack in Danville investigators discovered three notebook pages not far from the scene of the attack where a suspicious vehicle had reportedly been parked. First page: "General Custer" essay: Written on the first page is what appears to be an essay on General Custer. Second page: "Mad is the Word" journal entry: The second page contains a journal style entry where the author writes about a school teacher who made them write lines, and how humiliating they found the experience to be. Mad is the word that reminds me of 6th grade. I hated that year. I wish I had know what was going to be going on during my 6th grade year, the last and worst years of elementary school. Mad is the word that remains in my head about my dreadful year as a 6th grader. My madness was one that was caused by disappointments that hurt me very much. Disappointments from my teacher such as field trips that were planned and then cancelled. My 6th grade teacher gave me a lot of disappointments that made me very mad and made me built a state of hatred in my heart, no one ever let me down that hard before and I never "hated anyone" as much as I did him. Disappointment wasn't the only reason that made me mad in my sixth grade class, another was getting in trouble at school especially talking thats what really bugged me was writing sentences, those awful sentence that my teacher made me write, hours and hours I'd sit and write 50-100-150 sentence day and night I write those dreadful paragraphs which embarrassed me and more important it made me ashamed of myself which in turn, deepdown in side made me realize that writing sentance wasn't fair, it wasn't fair to make me suffer like that, it just wasn't fair to make me sit and wright until my bones ached, until my hand felt ever horrid pain it ever had and as I wrote, I got mader and mader until I cried, I cried because I was ashamed I cried because I was discusted I cried because I was mad and I cried for myself, kid who kept on having to write those dame sentances. My angriness from sixth grade will scar my memory for life and I will be ashamed of my sixth grade year forever. Third page: "Punishment" map: A hand drawn map of what appears to be a suburban neighborhood. Investigators were unable to identify the area depicted in the map. Detective Larry Pool believes the map to be a fantasy location representing the Original Night Stalker's desired striking ground. Phone calls- "Merry Christmas" call (December 9, 1977): A previous victim received a phone call during the Christmas period of 1977. She identified the caller as the man who had previously attacked her. "Merry Christmas, it's me again!" (hangs up) "Watt Avenue" call (December 10, 1977): Shortly before 10:00 p.m. on the night of December 10, 1977, dispatchers from the County of Sacramento's Sheriff's Department and the City of Sacramento's Police Department received calls threatening an attack on Watt Avenue (the calls were apparently recorded, and the caller was subsequently identified as the same individual who had made a call to law enforcement on December 2, threatening to commit a rape later that night; a home invasion attributed to the Original Night Stalker was in fact made several hours after that December 2 call but was aborted before a rape could occur). Law enforcement patrols were increased on the night of December 10 in response to the new round of calls. Sure enough, at 2:30 a.m. on the morning of December 11, sheriff's deputies spotted a masked man bicycling on the Watt Avenue bridge, but he was able to elude them. He was then located again at 4:30 a.m., this time by the city police. He discarded the bike and successfully fled on foot. The bicycle was quickly determined to have been stolen in Redding, California. It is noteworthy that the "Excitement's Crave" poem is also linked with exactly the same date of this bike chase. I am going to hit tonight. Watt Avenue. (hangs up) "Is Ray There?" call (January 2, 1978): The very first known rape victim received a "wrong number" call on January 2, 1978. The call was recorded, and law enforcement suspect that it may be the same caller who made a threatening call to her shortly afterward. Victim: Hello? Caller: Yeah, is Ray there? Victim: Pardon? Caller: Is Ray there? Victim: I'm sorry, you must have the wrong number. Caller: Sorry. (hangs up) "Gonna Kill You" call (January 2, 1978): Later that evening, the same victim received another call, much more sinister in nature. This call was also recorded and identified by the victim as being the voice of her assailant. "Gonna kill you...gonna kill you...gonna kill you...bitch...bitch...bitch...bitch...fucking whore." Investigation- Detectives connect the crimes: Even prior to 2001's connection of the Original Night Stalker to the East Area Rapist, some law enforcement officials, particularly several from the Sacramento County Sheriff's Department, sought to link the Goleta cases separately to the East Area Rapist and the Original Night Stalker. These postulated links were considered primarily due to similarity in modus operandi. One of the already linked Original Night Stalker double murders did take place in Ventura, California, 40 miles southeast of Goleta, while the remaining murders took place in Orange County, California, an additional 90 miles to the southeast. In 2001, several rapes in Contra Costa County believed to have been part of the East Area Rapist series were linked by DNA to the Smith, Harrington, Whithuhn, and Cruz murders. In 2011, DNA evidence proved that the Domingo-Sanchez murders were committed by the Original Night Stalker. Suspects eliminated: Throughout the course of the investigation into the Original Night Stalker murders, the following persons were suspected of committing the crimes, only to be determined to not be the culprit: - Brett Glasby – From Goleta, California, Glasby was considered a suspect by investigators in Santa Barbara County. He was himself murdered in Mexico in 1982. Glasby's death, prior to the murder of Janelle Cruz, eliminates him as a suspect. - Paul "Cornfed" Schneider – A high-ranking member of the Aryan Brotherhood prison gang. Schneider is a career criminal who was living in Orange County, California, when the murders of the Harringtons, Manuela Witthuhn, and Janelle Cruz occurred. In the late 1990s, while serving time at Pelican Bay State Prison in Crescent City, California, Schneider provided a DNA sample to authorities. This sample cleared him as the Original Night Stalker. - Joe Alsip – A business partner of the victim Lyman Smith. Alsip was a friend of the Smiths and visited their home on High Point Drive in Ventura the day before the murders. Alsip's pastor claimed that he had confessed to him, during a family counseling session, but this confession was considered dubious by the Ventura County District Attorney's Office. Nevertheless, Alsip was arraigned for the murders of Lyman and Charlene Smith in 1982. After the preliminary hearing, however, all charges against him were dropped. It would not be until 1996 when DNA testing came on-line that the murders would be linked. In November 2002, journalist Colleen Cason wrote a newspaper series about the Original Night Stalker murders for the Ventura County Star. According to Cason's articles, Detective Larry Pool of the Orange County Sheriff's Department visited California's Death Row at San Quentin State Prison in an attempt to locate the Original Night Stalker. Detective Pool suspected that the Original Night Stalker had been captured and sentenced to death for some other violent crime. Nevertheless, none of the genetic samples collected from Death Row inmates at San Quentin matched the DNA of the Original Night Stalker. Psychological profile: After criminologists matched serological evidence found at the southern California murder scenes, a psychological profile of the Original Night Stalker was compiled. According to Leslie D'Ambrosia, who was the primary author of the profile, it is likely that the Original Night Stalker would possess the following characteristics: - White male - Dressed well and would not stand out in upscale neighborhoods - Drove a well-maintained car - Emotional age of 26 to 30 at the time the crimes were committed - Engaged in deviant paraphilic behavior and brutal sex in his personal life - Engaged in sex with prostitutes - Had a criminal record as a teenager that was expunged - Had some knowledge of police investigative methods and evidence-gathering techniques - Had some means of income, but did not work in the early morning hours - Hated women for real or perceived wrongs - If married, probably has a submissive spouse who tolerated his sexually deviant behavior - Intelligent and articulate - Likely began as a voyeur in his late teens or early twenties - Lived and/or worked near Ventura, California, in 1980 - Neat and well-organized in his personal life - Peeped into the windows of many potential victims who were not attacked - Possibly unmarried and did not enter into long-term relationships - Self-assured and confident in his abilities - Sexually functional and capable of ejaculation with consenting and non-consenting partners - Was a skilled and experienced cat burglar and may have begun that way - Was in good physical condition - Would appear harmless - Would continue committing violent crimes until incapacitated by prison, death, or some other intervention - Would have been described by those who knew him as arrogant, domineering, manipulative, and a chronic liar In addition to describing the characteristics of the Original Night Stalker, the profile also speculates about the fate of the killer. According to the profile, the Original Night Stalker could have been incarcerated following Janelle Cruz's murder or killed in the commission of a similar crime. (However, the last known contact with the Original Night Stalker was in 1991 when he made a taunting phone call to one of his victims.) As to the latter point, the profile indicates that law enforcement agencies should look into attempted "hot prowl burglaries" in the late 1980s that resulted in the death of a lone male offender. The profile also indicates that there is a slight chance the Original Night Stalker committed suicide; furthermore, it is speculated that it is unlikely that he is confined in a mental institution. The profile reveals that following the original homicides in this series, teletypes were broadcast to law enforcement agencies throughout the United States. These teletypes requested information on similar home invasion attacks involving sexual assault, murder, bludgeoning, multiple victims, and/or bondage. As of 2015, no similar crimes have been reported in the United States. The profile propounds the possibility, however, that the Original Night Stalker could have continued committing his crimes in another country where records were not consulted for linkage purposes. As a psychological profile is based on a probabilistic analysis, its accuracy cannot be assessed before the offender has been apprehended. The Original Night Stalker/East Area Rapist case was the motivating factor in the passage of legislation leading to the establishment of California's DNA database, which authorizes the collection of the DNA of all the accused and convicted felons in California. California's DNA data retrieval and storage program is considered by researchers to be second only to Virginia's in size and effectiveness in solving cold cases. While the California DNA database motivated by this case has solved numerous previously unsolved cold cases across the country, the original case remains unsolved.